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天天跟(gen)混凝土臂架(jia)泵(beng)車接觸,那它的(de)結構和原(yuan)理你(ni)都(dou)了解嗎?不要跟(gen)我(wo)說你(ni)有多少年的(de)泵(beng)送經驗,這點常識都(dou)沒有,等(deng)于(yu)這些年你(ni)都(dou)白干(gan)了!長沙力諾小編今天給大家總結了幾(ji)點,我(wo)們互相學習一下吧!
混(hun)凝土(tu)臂架泵(beng)車是(shi)一種將(jiang)用于(yu)泵(beng)送(song)混(hun)凝土(tu)的(de)泵(beng)送(song)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和用于(yu)布料的(de)臂架系(xi)統(tong)(tong)集成在汽車底盤(pan)上(shang)的(de)設備(bei),泵(beng)送(song)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)利用底盤(pan)發動(dong)(dong)機的(de)動(dong)(dong)力,將(jiang)料斗內的(de)混(hun)凝土(tu)加壓送(song)入管(guan)(guan)道內,管(guan)(guan)道附在臂架上(shang),操作人員控(kong)制臂架移動(dong)(dong),將(jiang)泵(beng)送(song)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)泵(beng)出的(de)混(hun)凝土(tu)直(zhi)接送(song)到澆注(zhu)點。
一、基本構造
混凝(ning)土(tu)臂架泵車(che)總圖:1.底盤(pan);2.臂架系統;3.轉塔;4.液(ye)壓系統;5.電(dian)氣系統;6.泵送系統
混凝(ning)土(tu)臂架泵(beng)車(che)的(de)種類很(hen)多(duo),但是(shi)其(qi)基本組(zu)成部件是(shi)相同的(de),混凝(ning)土(tu)臂架泵(beng)車(che)主要由底盤(pan)、臂架系(xi)(xi)(xi)統、轉塔、泵(beng)送系(xi)(xi)(xi)統、液(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統和電氣系(xi)(xi)(xi)統六(liu)大部分組(zu)成,如下圖所示(shi):
1、底盤由(you)汽車底盤、PTO(分動(dong)箱(xiang))和付梁等幾部(bu)分組成;
2、臂(bei)架系統由多節臂(bei)架、連桿、油缸和連接件等幾部分(fen)組成組成;
3、轉(zhuan)塔(ta)由轉(zhuan)臺、回轉(zhuan)機(ji)構(gou)、固定轉(zhuan)塔(ta)(連(lian)接(jie)架)和支撐結構(gou)等幾部分組成組成;
4、泵送(song)系統由(you)泵送(song)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、料斗、S閥總(zong)成、擺搖(yao)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、攪(jiao)拌(ban)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、配管(guan)總(zong)成和臂架配管(guan)六部分組成;
5、液(ye)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)(zhu)要分為(wei)泵(beng)(beng)送(song)液(ye)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和臂(bei)架液(ye)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)兩(liang)大部(bu)分。泵(beng)(beng)送(song)液(ye)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)包括主(zhu)(zhu)泵(beng)(beng)送(song)油路(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、分配閥油路(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、攪(jiao)拌油路(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)及水(shui)泵(beng)(beng)油路(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。臂(bei)架液(ye)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)包括臂(bei)架油路(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、支腿油路(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和回轉油路(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)三部(bu)分。液(ye)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)(zhu)要由(you)液(ye)壓泵(beng)(beng)、閥組(zu)、蓄能器(qi)、液(ye)壓馬(ma)達及其它(ta)液(ye)壓元件等部(bu)分組(zu)成;
6、電氣系統主(zhu)要由控(kong)制柜、遙控(kong)器及其它(ta)電器元件等部分(fen)組成(cheng)。
二、工作原理
混凝土攪拌車卸料到泵(beng)車料斗后,由(you)泵(beng)送系統壓送到輸送管,經末(mo)(mo)端軟(ruan)管(件(jian)15)排出。各節臂(bei)架(jia)的(de)展開和收攏靠(kao)各個臂(bei)架(jia)油缸來完(wan)成。四節臂(bei)架(jia)依次(ci)展開,其中第(di)四節臂(bei)架(jia)的(de)動作最為頻(pin)繁,它(ta)可以(yi)擺動255°左(zuo)右(you),其末(mo)(mo)端的(de)軟(ruan)管在工作時應(ying)盡(jin)可能靠(kao)近澆注部(bu)位,同時臂(bei)架(jia)可以(yi)通過(guo)回轉馬達(da)及減速(su)機(ji)驅動回轉大軸承繞固定(ding)轉塔作365°旋轉。如下圖所示:
三、 底盤部分
混凝(ning)土臂架(jia)泵(beng)(beng)車(che)(che)底盤主要(yao)用于(yu)泵(beng)(beng)車(che)(che)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和工作時提供(gong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。通過氣動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)箱中(zhong)的(de)拔(ba)叉(cha),撥(bo)叉(cha)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)離合套,可(ke)將汽(qi)車(che)(che)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)經分(fen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)箱切換。切換到(dao)汽(qi)車(che)(che)后橋使泵(beng)(beng)車(che)(che)行駛,切換到(dao)液壓泵(beng)(beng)完(wan)成混凝(ning)土的(de)輸送和布(bu)料。
底(di)盤(pan)(pan)部分(fen)由汽車底(di)盤(pan)(pan)、PTO(分(fen)動(dong)箱)、傳動(dong)軸等幾(ji)部分(fen)組成。長沙(sha)力諾混(hun)凝土臂架泵車底(di)盤(pan)(pan)主要集中在王(wang)牌(pai)、東風、五十鈴等專用底(di)盤(pan)(pan)上,目前小型混(hun)凝土泵車采用的底(di)盤(pan)(pan)均采用這三種(zhong)為準(zhun),下圖為分(fen)動(dong)箱示意(yi)圖:
四、 臂架系統
臂架系統由多節臂架、連桿、油缸和(he)連接件等部分(fen)組成,具體結構見下(xia)圖:
1—1#臂(bei)(bei)架(jia)油(you)缸;2—1#臂(bei)(bei)架(jia);3—鉸接軸(zhou);4—連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)一(yi);5—2#臂(bei)(bei)架(jia)油(you)缸;6—連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)二(er);7—2#臂(bei)(bei)架(jia);8—3#臂(bei)(bei)架(jia)油(you)缸;9—連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)三;10—連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)四(si);11—3#臂(bei)(bei)架(jia);12—4#臂(bei)(bei)架(jia)油(you)缸;13—連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)五;14—連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)六;15—4#臂(bei)(bei)架(jia)。
臂(bei)架(jia)系統主要(yao)由多節臂(bei)架(jia)、連(lian)桿、油缸、連(lian)接件鉸接而(er)(er)成的(de)(de)可(ke)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)(die)和展開的(de)(de)平(ping)面四(si)連(lian)桿機(ji)構組成,根(gen)椐各臂(bei)架(jia)間轉動(dong)方(fang)向(xiang)和順(shun)序(xu)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong),臂(bei)架(jia)有(you)多種(zhong)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)(die)形(xing)式,如(ru):R型(xing)、Z型(xing)(或(huo)M型(xing))、綜合型(xing)等。各種(zhong)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)(die)方(fang)式都有(you)其獨到(dao)之(zhi)處。R型(xing)結構緊湊;Z臂(bei)架(jia)在打開和折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)(die)時動(dong)作迅速; 綜合型(xing)則兼有(you)前兩者的(de)(de)優點而(er)(er)逐漸(jian)被(bei)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)采用(yong)。由于Z型(xing)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)(die)臂(bei)架(jia)的(de)(de)打開空間更(geng)低,而(er)(er)R型(xing)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)(die)臂(bei)架(jia)的(de)(de)結構布局更(geng)緊湊等各自的(de)(de)特點,臂(bei)架(jia)的(de)(de)Z型(xing)、R型(xing)及綜合型(xing)等多種(zhong)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)(die)方(fang)式為不(bu)同(tong)生(sheng)產商混合使用(yong)。如(ru)下圖:
五、轉塔結構
轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)主要(yao)由(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺、回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)機構、固定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(連接(jie)架(jia))和(he)支撐結構等幾部分(fen)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)安(an)裝在汽車(che)底(di)(di)盤(pan)中部,行駛時其載荷壓在汽車(che)底(di)(di)盤(pan)上(shang)(shang);而(er)泵送時,底(di)(di)盤(pan)輪胎脫(tuo)離地(di)(di)面,底(di)(di)盤(pan)和(he)泵送系(xi)統也掛在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)上(shang)(shang),整(zheng)個泵車(che)(包括底(di)(di)盤(pan)、泵送系(xi)統、臂架(jia)系(xi)統和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)身)的(de)載荷由(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)四條(tiao)支腿傳給地(di)(di)面。臂架(jia)系(xi)統安(an)裝在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)上(shang)(shang),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)臂架(jia)提(ti)供一個穩固的(de)底(di)(di)座,整(zheng)個臂架(jia)可(ke)以在這個底(di)(di)座上(shang)(shang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)365°度,每節臂架(jia)還(huan)能(neng)繞各(ge)自(zi)的(de)軸旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)四個支腿直接(jie)支撐著地(di)(di)面。下圖(tu)是轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺結構:
回(hui)轉機構(gou)集支(zhi)(zhi)承、旋(xuan)轉和(he)連接功能于一(yi)體(ti),具有高的(de)強(qiang)度和(he)剛性、很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)抗傾翻能力、低而恒定的(de)轉矩(ju)。它由高強(qiang)度螺栓、回(hui)轉支(zhi)(zhi)承、回(hui)轉減速(su)機、傳動齒輪和(he)過渡齒輪(有時無(wu)此件)組(zu)成。結構(gou)見下圖:
六、 支撐結構
支撐結構的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)將(jiang)整車(che)穩定的(de)(de)支撐在地(di)面上,直接承(cheng)受整車(che)的(de)(de)負載力矩和重量。
1—支撐油缸(gang)(gang);2—右前(qian)(qian)支腿;;3—前(qian)(qian)支腿伸縮油缸(gang)(gang);4—前(qian)(qian)支腿展開油缸(gang)(gang);5—右后(hou)支腿;6—后(hou)支腿展開油缸(gang)(gang);7—左后(hou)支腿; 8—左前(qian)(qian)支腿
七、泵送系統
泵送系統(tong)是混(hun)凝(ning)土泵車的執行機(ji)構(gou),用于將混(hun)凝(ning)土沿輸(shu)送管道連續輸(shu)送到澆注(zhu)現場。泵送系統(tong)由泵送機(ji)構(gou)、料(liao)斗(dou)和S閥總成、擺搖(yao)機(ji)構(gou)、攪拌機(ji)構(gou)、配管總成、臂架(jia)配管等部(bu)分組成。下(xia)圖是泵送機(ji)構(gou)示意圖:
1、2—主油(you)缸(gang);3—水箱;4—換向裝(zhuang)置;5、6—輸送(song)缸(gang);7、8—砼活塞(sai);9—擺臂;10、11—擺動油(you)缸(gang);12—分配閥;13—攪拌機構;14—料(liao)斗(dou);15—出(chu)料(liao)錐管
S閥(fa)的(de)(de)搖(yao)擺(bai)(bai)機(ji)構主(zhu)要由擺(bai)(bai)缸(gang)(gang)固定座(zuo)、左右擺(bai)(bai)閥(fa)油(you)缸(gang)(gang)、搖(yao)臂和擺(bai)(bai)缸(gang)(gang)卡板等部分組成(cheng),一般設計在料斗的(de)(de)后方。搖(yao)擺(bai)(bai)機(ji)構的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理是在液壓油(you)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下推動(dong)左右兩個擺(bai)(bai)閥(fa)油(you)缸(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)活塞桿,活塞桿驅動(dong)搖(yao)臂,搖(yao)臂帶動(dong)S閥(fa)左右擺(bai)(bai)動(dong),從而實現S閥(fa)的(de)(de)換(huan)向。在換(huan)向動(dong)作(zuo)過程中要求換(huan)向迅速,動(dong)作(zuo)有(you)力。
攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)裝置包括攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)件、攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)及其(qi)密(mi)封(feng)件。攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)件由攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)葉片、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)套組成(cheng)。攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是靠兩端的(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)座(zuo)(馬達座(zuo))支(zhi)撐的(de)(de),攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)采用調心軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng),軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)座(zuo)外部(bu)還(huan)裝有(you)黃油嘴的(de)(de)螺孔,其(qi)孔道通(tong)到軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)座(zuo)的(de)(de)內腔,工作(zuo)時可對軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)進行潤滑。為了防止料斗內的(de)(de)混凝(ning)(ning)土漿(jiang)進入攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng),攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)左(zuo)右兩端裝有(you)J型防塵圈和密(mi)封(feng)圈。攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)左(zuo)端通(tong)過花鍵套和液(ye)(ye)壓馬達連接,工作(zuo)時由液(ye)(ye)壓馬達直接驅動攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)帶動攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)葉片攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)。攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)機(ji)構的(de)(de)主要作(zuo)用是對料斗里的(de)(de)混凝(ning)(ning)土進行二次(ci)攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban),防止其(qi)離析(xi)。
八、泵車購買
長沙(sha)力諾機械有(you)限公(gong)司坐落(luo)于美(mei)麗的星城長沙(sha),是(shi)一家(jia)專業從事混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)攪(jiao)拌輸送(song)(song)泵(beng)(beng)技術(shu)研(yan)發,生(sheng)產和(he)銷售的工程(cheng)機械設(she)備企業。公(gong)司主導(dao)產品有(you)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)輸送(song)(song)泵(beng)(beng)、地泵(beng)(beng)、混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)攪(jiao)拌拖泵(beng)(beng)、小型混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)泵(beng)(beng)、攪(jiao)拌臂架(jia)泵(beng)(beng)、車載混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)攪(jiao)拌輸送(song)(song)一體機及(ji)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)輸送(song)(song)泵(beng)(beng)配件等。公(gong)司技術(shu)力量雄厚(hou)、生(sheng)產工藝成熟、生(sheng)產經驗豐富、檢(jian)測設(she)備齊(qi)全。
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